Logical Deduction - Section 1 (3)
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- Logical Deduction - Section 1
In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
- (A) If only conclusion I follows
- (B) If only conclusion II follows
- (C) If either I or II follows
- (D) If neither I nor II follows and
- (E) If both I and II follow.
| 17. |
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Answer: Option Explanation: Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of I and thus it also holds. |
| 18. |
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Answer: Option C Explanation: As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some books are not pencils'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows. |
| 19. |
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Answer: Option A Explanation: Since on premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Conclusion II cannot follow as it contains the middle term. So, only I follows. |
| 20. | Statements: Most teachers are boys. Some boys are students. Conclusions: 1.Some students are boys. 2.Some teachers are students. |
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Answer: Option A Explanation: Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the second premise and thus it holds |
| 21. | Statements: All windows are doors. No door is wall. Conclusions: 1.No window is wall. 2.No wall is door. |
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Answer: Option E Explanation: Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. However, II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds, |
| 22. |
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Answer: Option A Explanation: Since the middle term 'engineer' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds. |
| 23. | Statements: Bureaucrats marry only intelligent girls. Tanya is very intelligent. Conclusions: 1.Tanya will marry a bureaucrat. 2.Tanya will not marry a bureaucrat. |
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Answer: Option C Explanation: The data does not mention whether all intelligent girls are married to bureaucrats. So, either I or II may follow. |
| 24. | Statements: All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks. Conclusions: 1.Some pens are chairs. 2.Some chalks are pens. |
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Answer: Option B Explanation: Since the middle term 'chalks' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, II is the converse of the first premise and so it holds. |