Logical Deduction - Section 1 (2)
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- Logical Deduction - Section 1
In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer:
- (A) If only conclusion I follows
- (B) If only conclusion II follows
- (C) If either I or II follows
- (D) If neither I nor II follows and
- (E) If both I and II follow.
| 9. | Statements: All water is divine. All temples are divine. Conclusions:
1.All water is temple. 2.All temples are water. |
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Answer: Option D Explanation: Since the middle term 'divine' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. |
| 10. | Statements: Some hens are cows. All cows are horses. Conclusions: 1.Some horses are hens. 2.Some hens are horses. |
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Answer: Option E Explanation: Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, II follows. I is the converse of II and so it also holds. |
| 11. |
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Answer: Option Explanation: Since one premise is particular and the other premise is negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some desks are not red'. However, I is the converse of the first premise and thus it holds. |
| 12. | Statements: Raman is always successful. No fool is always successful. Conclusions: 1.Raman is a fool. 2.Raman is not a fool. |
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Answer: Option B Explanation: Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only II follows. |
| 13. | Statements: All trucks fly. Some scooters fly. Conclusions: 1.All trucks are scooters. 2.Some scooters do not fly. |
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Answer: Option D Explanation: Since the middle term 'fly' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. |
| 14. |
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Answer: Option C Explanation: Since both the premises are particular no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows. |
| 15. | Statements: All huts are mansions. All mansions are temples. Conclusions: 1.Some temples are huts. 2.Some temples are mansions |
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Answer: Option E Explanation: As discussed above, it follows that 'All huts are temples'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. II is the converse of the second premise and so it also holds. |
| 16. | Statements: No magazine is cap. All caps are cameras. Conclusions: 1.No camera is magazine. 2.Some cameras are magazines. |
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Answer: Option C Explanation: As discussed above, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cameras are not magazines'. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows. |